As solar energy gains popularity, the demand for various solar power systems continues to rise. Among these, on-grid solar roof systems stand out as one of the most widely used solutions. Understanding these systems can help homeowners and businesses make informed decisions about transitioning to renewable energy.
Types of Solar Power Systems
There are three main types of solar power systems:
- On-Grid Solar Roof Systems: Connected to the grid, these systems are ideal for locations with a reliable electricity network.
- Off-Grid Solar Roof Systems: These operate independently of the grid, using batteries for storage.
- Hybrid Solar Roof Systems: A combination of on-grid and off-grid systems, featuring both grid connectivity and battery storage.
This article focuses on the on-grid solar roof system, exploring its components, functioning, benefits, and installation process.
What is an On-Grid Solar Roof System?
An on-grid solar roof system is a Solar-Powered Generation System (SPGS) integrated with the local electricity grid. The electricity generated by solar panels is either used directly to power appliances or sent to the grid. It’s a cost-effective and low-maintenance solution for harnessing solar energy.
Components of an On-Grid Solar Roof System
An on-grid system consists of the following essential components:
- Solar PV Modules: Capture sunlight and convert it into electricity.
- Mounting Structures: Provide support for the solar panels.
- Solar Inverter: Converts DC (direct current) into AC (alternating current).
- Monitoring Device: Tracks the system’s performance.
- Bi-Directional Net Meter: Records electricity sent to and drawn from the grid.
- BOS (Balance of System): Includes cabling and other auxiliary equipment.
How Does an On-Grid Solar Roof System Work?
- Solar panels absorb sunlight and convert it into direct current (DC).
- The solar inverter converts DC into alternating current (AC) for daily use.
- Electricity is either consumed directly or sent to the grid through a net metering system.
- The net meter tracks the electricity fed into and consumed from the grid, providing a “net” statement of usage.
Benefits of On-Grid Solar Roof Systems
- Lower Electricity Bills: Consumers only pay for the net electricity consumed after accounting for the power sent to the grid.
- Net Metering: Enables consumers to earn credits for surplus power fed into the grid.
- Minimal Maintenance: With fewer components and no batteries, on-grid systems are easier to install and maintain.
Step-by-Step Installation Process
Installing an on-grid rooftop solar system is a straightforward process. Here’s how it works:
- Designing and Marking: The site is evaluated, and the installation plan is marked.
- Civil Work and Curing: Columns are constructed to support the mounting structures, without drilling or puncturing the roof.
- Mounting Structure Installation: The mounting structures are installed on the columns.
- Solar Module Installation: Solar panels are mounted securely on the structures.
- Cabling: DC cables connect the modules to the inverter, and AC cables link the inverter to the grid.
- Inverter Connection and Grid Synchronization: The inverter is activated, synchronizing the solar system with the grid.
- Seamless Power Distribution: The system starts supplying solar power seamlessly, reducing electricity costs.
FAQs About On-Grid Solar Roof Systems
1. What is the lifespan of an on-grid solar roof system?
Most solar panels have a lifespan of 25–30 years, while other components, such as inverters, may require replacement after 10–15 years.
2. Is net metering available everywhere?
Net metering policies vary by location. Check with your local electricity provider for details.
3. What happens during a power outage?
On-grid systems are dependent on the grid and will not function during a blackout unless paired with battery storage or a backup generator.
4. Can an on-grid system be upgraded to a hybrid system?
Yes, an on-grid system can be upgraded by adding battery storage and other necessary components.