Solar Energy Flow Diagram

Large arrays of photovoltaic (PV) solar panels absorb sunlight. Each panel contains solar cells that convert the sun's energy (photons) directly into direct current (DC) electricity through the photovoltaic effect. This is the initial stage where raw solar energy is harnessed.

The DC electricity generated by the solar panels is then routed to inverter units. These crucial devices convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) electricity. AC is the standard form of electricity used in homes, businesses, and the national power grid.

Once converted to AC, the electricity flows to a transformer substation. Here, large transformers increase the voltage of the electricity. Stepping up the voltage is essential for efficient and cost‑effective long‑distance transmission, minimizing energy loss over power lines.

From the transformer substation, the high‑voltage AC electricity is fed into robust transmission lines, carried by tall transmission towers. These lines form part of the larger electrical grid, transporting the power across vast distances to population centers.

The electricity travels through the grid and is eventually distributed to various end‑users. This includes lowering the voltage for safe use in residential homes, commercial buildings, factories, and for charging electric vehicles. This is the point where power becomes accessible to consumers.

• Own Use (Captive): Generate power solely for one's own consumption, saving costs.
• Group Captive: Multiple businesses share investment and power from a single solar park.
• Third-Party Sale: Solar park sells power to utilities or other businesses via agreements.

Throughout the entire process, a dedicated control room continuously monitors the solar park's performance. Technicians track energy output, identify any faults or inefficiencies, and manage maintenance schedules to ensure optimal operation, reliability, and safety of the power generation system.